Effects Of Pregnancy On Patients With A History Of...

Original Quantitative Research Question: Does use of progesterone in early pregnancy explain viable pregnancies in patients with a history of miscarriage? Change One: In pregnant patients with a history of miscarriage, how does progesterone use compared to no treatment affect the viability of a pregnancy within nine months? Change Two: In a random sample of pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage of unknown etiology, how does the application of 400 mg of progesterone, vaginally, twice daily for the first twelve weeks of pregnancy compared to no treatment affect the viability of a pregnancy within 26 weeks of gestation? P - Population: A random sample of pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage with unknown etiology I - Intervention: Application of 400 mg of progesterone, vaginally, twice daily for the first 12 weeks gestation C – Comparison: No treatment O – Outcome: Viable pregnancy at 26 weeks gestation T – Time: Seven months Article One Palagiano, A., Bulletti, C., Pace, M. C., de Ziegler, D., Cicinelli, E., Izzo, A. (2004). Effects of vaginal progesterone on pain and uterine contractility in patients with threated abortion before twelve weeks of pregnancy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1034, 200-210. doi:10.1196/annals.1335.022 This study evaluated the effects of supplemental progesterone use on pain and uterine contractions in early pregnancy. This study presents a new consideration for this topic and could beShow MoreRelatedMiscarriage Is The Most Common Complication Of Pregnancy1587 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Miscarriage is the most common complication of pregnancy in the United States, occurring in 15-20% of clinically-recognized pregnancies, or ~1,000,000 cases annually. - Despite its frequency, the majority of Americans believe that it is a rare complication occurring in 5% or fewer of all pregnancies. Miscarriage can be an unexpected and emotionally devastating diagnosis for patients and their partners with studies showing that some women may suffer from psychological morbidity for monthsRead MoreGenetic And Genomic Nursing Assessment1167 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic Family History Assessment The purpose of this paper is to complete a Genetic and Genomic Nursing Assessment to analyze family genetic health risks. Genomics is the study of genes in the human genome and their interactions with each other and the environment and genetics is the study of individual genes and their effect on clinical disorders (Kaakinen, Coehlo, Steele, Tabacco, Hanson, 2015). Nurses should be able to perform an assessment of a family s genetic health risks by using a three-generationRead MoreThe Concept Of Coping : Postpartum Depression And Anxiety Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude financial strain, fatigue, insufficient support from significant other, being a single mother, and medical complications from the pregnancy (Camp, 2013). There are numerous factors that place a mother at an increased risk of postpartum depression after delivery. The following are risk factors: first pregnancy, ambivalence about maintaining pregnancy, history of psychiatric illness, lack of social support, unstable relationship with partner, unsupportive relationship with parents, and the woman’sRead MoreThe Issue Of The Abortion1597 Words   |  7 Pagesbirth control failure, and genetic reasons. The abortion rate has increased each year. History of the issue Canada is currently one of few nations where no legal restrictions on aboritons exist today. It has been 143 years since abortion was first criminalized. The first recorded evidence of an abortion dates back to 1550 B.C.E. In 1892 the criminal code made it illegal for a physician to procure a miscarriage and or for a woman to self induce an abortion. The penalty was life of imprisonment forRead MoreA Female Patient1702 Words   |  7 PagesA female patient, age nineteen, going to her gynecologist for assistance in fertility. The patient reported trying to conceive for approximately six months with no success, also reporting no previous pregnancies of any kind. When asked about consistency of her menstrual cycle, the patient reported that she had only four or five cycles a year. Patient also discussed occasional abrupt pain in the pelvic/pubic area. The pain reached an eight on the pain scale, but normally did not last for more thanRead MoreThe Core Concept Of Grief And Loss1273 Word s   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this journal is to examine the core concept of â€Å"Grief and Loss† in a patient that I cared for in a previous clinical. This clinical experience will represent this core concept and identify any discrepancies or inconsistencies that can be modified and incorporated to the nursing process. Consistencies will be researched based on articles, clinical experience, and our textbook. Inconsistencies will be analyzed by using our PICOT research. A summary with explored research will be discussedRead MoreAbortion Is The Ending Of Pregnancy Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pages ARBOTION Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing the fetus or embryo before it fully develops or in other word before it is able to survive on its own. A simultaneous occurrence of abortion is called miscarriage whereas when purposely caused it is called an induced abortion. Another medically used term is late termination of pregnancy. Induced abortion requires use of medication and surgical methods in modern medicine. MifepristoneRead MoreInfertility : Polycystic Ovary Syndrome1113 Words   |  5 Pageswith an increased risk of miscarriage after either spontaneous or assisted conception (1) and the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in assisted conception (12). A higher incidence of first trimester spontaneous abortions (25–73%) has been reported in women with polycystic ovaries or PCOS (13). Abnormalities in LH secretion were found in 81% of women with recurrent fetal loss, and higher androgen levels were observed in women who had recurrent miscarriages, both with and withoutRead MoreAbortion : The Greatest Destroyer Of Peace Is Abortion1276 Words   |  6 Pagesmother’s choice if she wants to be responsible for the baby or not, but other people say that the mother doesn’t have the right to murder an innocent child. The practice of abortion has been permitted for many years especially in ancient Hebrew History. The Hebrews believed that it was alright if the mother’s life was at risk. Many people opposed abortion, especially those of Catholic faith. The Roman Catholic Church believed that abortions were never justified. â€Å"In 1869, Pope Pius IX condemnedRead MoreImpact Of Florence Nightingale In Nursing982 Words   |  4 Pagesattended school for nursing. Margaret’s mother died after 18 pregnancies, 11 live births and seven miscarriages. The impact of this on Margaret promoted her drive to develop and open the first birth control clinic in the united states in 1916. This clinic provided a range of services to women including education, supplies and counseling. This is important to me as my own grandmother during the same time frame experienced 11 pregnancies, 9 miscarriages and 3 live births. Only two of her children lived to

Mental Health And Mental Illness Essay - 2973 Words

GENDER AND MENTAL HEALTH Mental Health definition â€Å"The capacity to flexibly adjust or adapt to the external world, form emotionally satisfying relationships, master developmental tasks, learn from experience, take responsibility for one s actions and deal with conflicting emotions†(Kaplan Sadock,1988) Introduction to Mental Health The human behavior their quality and how they experience things can be selected to get the idea of mental health and mental illness respectively. These ideas are always being disputed by the mental health expert and it has also been change over tome. And at same time time theories about mental health and mental illness cause vary between these two and to some extend it lies with in various group and various discipline that are concern with the large field of mental health that include right from psychology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, sociology and social work . Every culture has some notion of psychological or emotional difference. Which include all mental health professionals and lay people as well and they are very much conscious. That include large array and also cover a broad spectrum of severity. As feeling of suffering from ‘ bad nerves’ or persistently sad, ‘down’ together with headaches, and pains, or even more seriously as having thoughts, strange, frustrating or ‘antisocial’ behaviour. It is broadly classified into two groups first common ‘neurotic’ or non psychotic disorders that manifest with a mixture of depression,Show MoreRelatedMental Illness : Mental Health Illness2108 Words   |  9 PagesMerriam-Webster, mental health illness is described as a broad range of medical conditions (such as major depression, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, or panic disorder) that are marked primarily by sufficient disorganization of personality, mind, or emotions to impair normal psychological functioning and cause noticeable grief or disability and that are usually related with a disruption in standard judgement, feeling, mood, behavior, interpersonal interactions, or daily functioning. Mental healthRead MoreMental Health : Mental Illness1604 Words   |  7 PagesMENTAL HEALTH REPORT 1.Prevalence is the number of cases of disease in a given population and is defined with epidemiological data. Mental health is a person’s psychological well-being. Associated diseases have become increasingly prevalent in Australia over the past decade, with a recent advertisement by the ABC highlighting that 50% of Australians will experience a mental illness. Mental illness is responsible for the third largest burden of disease in Australia, making it a priority. †¢ MorbidityRead MoreMental Illness And Mental Health1460 Words   |  6 Pageshaving mental health problems when actually they should be referred to as having a mental illness. Mental health is â€Å"a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community† (Mental health basics). Mental health is something a normal, healthy functioning human being has when everything in their head is in order. A mental illness is theRead MoreMental Health And Mental Illness1702 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween mental health and mental illness? Although the terms are often used interchangeably, mental health and mental illness are not the same thing. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health is a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. However, mental illness is a recognized, medically diagnosable illness that resultsRead MoreMental Illness : Mental Health Illness1986 Words   |  8 PagesMerriam-Webster, mental health illness is described as a broad range of medical conditions (such as major depression, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, or panic disorder) that are marked primarily by sufficient disorganization of personality, mind, or emotions to impair normal psychological functioning and cause noticeable grief or disability and that are usually related with a disruption in standard judgement, feeling, mood, behavior, interpersonal interactions, or daily functioning. Mental healthRead MoreMental Health : Mental Illness1604 Words   |  7 PagesMENTAL HEALTH REPORT 1.Prevalence is the number of cases of disease in a given population* and is defined with epidemiological data. Mental health is a person’s psychological well-being. Associated diseases have become increasingly prevalent in Australia over the past decade, with a recent advertisement by the ABC highlighting that 50% of Australians will experience a mental illness. Mental illness is responsible for the third largest burden of disease in Australia, making it a priority. †¢ MorbidityRead MoreMental Illness And Mental Health1284 Words   |  6 PagesMental Illness Mental illness has been the most overlooked issue in society today let alone within prisons. Researcher Lurigio (2001) explored studies from the 1970’s through to the 2000’s on the deinstitutionalization and restructuring of mental health laws that basically channeled the mentally ill into the corrections system. Often mentally ill offenders are released into community care. Lurigio emphasized that community based care â€Å"compartmentalizes† mentally ill offenders and creates limitationsRead MoreMental Illness And Mental Health1724 Words   |  7 PagesVISUALISATION Mental illness is one of the major illnesses, some people face in everyday of their life, which can trigger them in one or the other as well prevent them to do things effectively as it use to be. According to Mental Health Foundation (2015), about a quarter of the population will experience some kind of mental health problem in the course of a year, this can happen either by anxiety and depression which is the most common mental disorder in Britain. Women are consideredRead MoreMental Health And Mental Illness1314 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding mental health is a very complex concept. The antiquity of mental illness and madness tells two common and defective definitions of mental health. The first, that mental health is the absence of mental illness, while the second that mental health is a state of well-being (Tudor, 1995). The fact that both definitions are reductive and the same word mental health is used to mean mental illness added more confusion to such term. However, i t is important to know what really is mental health and mentalRead MoreMental Illness And Mental Health893 Words   |  4 Pagesreasons I wanted to write about mental health is because I do not think is discussed enough and more importantly I do not think it is given the importance it deserves. Mental Health is something you heard now and then, but it’s never actually discussed and it should. When I asked about this topic some people were uncomfortable, others were more open to discussion, but both of these people had something in common: they did not actually had an idea of what is a mental illness or disorder, the people who

Crime Prevention - 1330 Words

Crime Prevention 1 Crime Prevention TuLisha Blackshear CJ212 Crime Prevention Professor Sperling March 9, 2010 Crime Prevention 2 Crime is an ever growing problem in our society. Law enforcement officers put themselves at risk on a daily basis in their quest to apprehend suspects and attempt to deter crime. I will be discussing the components and concepts of crime prevention throughout the course of this essay. Crime prevention is the attempt to deter crime and reduce the victimization of our community resulting in a sense of safety in today’s society. According to the Crime Prevention Coalition the formal definition of crime prevention is â€Å"a pattern of attitudes and behaviors directed both at reducing†¦show more content†¦There are numerous programs offered to help deter our youth from becoming career criminals. Among these are the, McGruff Club which is a â€Å"crime prevention and safety education program for children who are between the ages of six and ten. Through the McGruff Club, children become engaged in their communities and learn about safe ty while having fun with their friends and adults who care for them; the Be Safe and Sound in School (B3S), an initiative of the National Crime Prevention Council conducted in collaboration with the Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice; the Teens, Crime, and the Community program that believes smarter youth make safer communities† (NCPC, 2012). Our children are our future and must be taught to become upstanding members of society instead of being left alone or ignored, thus becoming criminals. New programs have been developed to aid in the prevention of crime across the globe to teach people that crime does not pay and if you do the crime, you will do the time. â€Å"The Center for Crime Prevention and Control fosters innovative crime reduction strategies through hands-on fieldwork, action research, and operational partnerships with law enforcement, communities, social service providers, and otherShow MoreRelatedCommunity Policing, Crime, Prevention, And Prevention1280 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted in the United States around the late 1980’s entering the 1990’s, it focused on the needs of the community and building trust between the community members and peace officers. Community Policing addresses issues such as public safety, crime prevention, along with fear and social disorder (COPS, 2005). By addressing issues in law enforcement, they can implement organizational strategies, utilize partnerships and direct people to more public resources. Also, they fi nd and use problem-solvingRead MoreCommunity Policing And Crime Prevention1569 Words   |  7 Pages Everyone has a different opinion whether community policing or crime prevention is more effective in making our society better. In my paper I will be explaining thoroughly what both are how they work the differences and the goods and bad’s and what is being used here at home. I will be talking first about Community Policing many individuals ask the question. Can one officer really change a community ? Well the answer is yes. Community Policing is defined as involving three key components whichRead MoreCrime And Crime Prevention Programs1821 Words   |  8 Pagessince the 1990’s there has been a decrease in crime. Although, there are many plausible reasons for the decrease in crime such has employment rates, age, economic improvement, or culture variation. However, two other factors play a part in the crime decrease such as a result of better policing methods. Crime prevention programs have been developed and used all over the United States. Over the years, these dif ferent prevention programs help contribute to crime decrease. They also have been a great successRead MoreCrime And Crime Prevention Programs2354 Words   |  10 Pagesorder. However, criminal activities can be mitigated. The history of crime is as old as the beginning of life itself. In every generation of time, we learn of people who engaged in crimes against the law and who were punished in accordance to law of the lands in which they lived. Today, methods of mitigating crime have greatly improved, so has the methods of committing crime. It’s a delicate game. The reception of crime prevention programs has however been on the rise and people are beginning to seeRead MoreCrime Prevention Division Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesdepartments is the Crime Prevention Division. In 1972, the original Premise Protection Squad turned into the Crime Prevention Squad. Over the course of six years that squad grew into the Crime Prevention Section (NYC.gov, N.d.). The Crime Prevention Division is comprised of four sub-units; the Borough Liaison Team, the Training Team, the Security Team, and the Special Projects Team (NYC.gov, N.d.). This division is aimed at helping the citizens and businesses of the City of New York with crime deterrent programsRead MoreCrime, Prevention And Reduction903 Words   |  4 PagesWhilst studying Crime, Prevention and Reduction, I have learnt about different strategies and theories which relate to policing and how crime can be reduced and prevented. There are many different agencies which work alongside the police to tackle crime. These agencies are; NHS Trust, counselling, local councils, and education services. There are also many different theories which I researched throughout this module which can help reduce crime. The theories which are related to policing are, hotspotRead MoreSituation Crime Prevention614 Words   |  3 PagesSituational Crime Prevention There are many strategies that can be considered situational crime prevention strategies. Pick one of the following crime reduction strategies. 1. Improved Street Lighting 2. Surveillance Cameras on street 3. Use of access control for buildings 4. Electronic merchandise tags 5. Red light cameras After picking one of the 5 techniques outlined above do some research on it. First state what the techniques does and why it would be hypothesized to decreaseRead MoreEssay on Approaches to crime prevention1666 Words   |  7 Pages Approaches to crime prevention have emerged over time and are demonstrated in different solutions, practices, and policies executed by law enforcement, courts, corrections, family, and community. Some of the dominant approaches to crime prevention currently used by law enforcement, courts, corrections, family, and community are: situational crime prevention, crime prevention through social development, crime prevention through environmental design, community crime prevention, reduction of recidivismRead MoreSurveillance for Crime Prevention Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesof becoming the victim of a crime? Reality is that we as individuals of the United States only have a two-percent chance of becoming the victim of a violent crime. Surveillance is starting to become high in demand for businesses, offices, and even inside and outside of homes solely because we are taught that crime is always happening to someone, somewhere. From personal experience, I feel as if surveillance cam eras are not only one of the best ways to prevent crime, but it also increases the possibilityRead MoreApproaches to Crime Prevention Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesFor Crime Prevention Jamal Sanchez Bush Crime Prevention CJ212 June 21, 2011 Introduction Crime prevention has influenced by so many fields like sociology, psychology, criminology, urban planning and design, health care, education, community development, economics social work, among the others. This paper focuses on the dominant approaches to crime prevention which is currently used by law enforcement, courts, and corrections. The dominant approaches to crime prevention

A Tale Of Two Cities Essay - 1471 Words

Charles Dickens wrote A Tale of Two Cities in order to enlighten the average Briton about the events of the French Revolution. The novel compares and contrasts cities of London and Paris, which represent French and British society, through the eyes of Dickens’ human characters. The two cities play such a large part in the novel that they become characters themselves, and the contrasting societies of the two cities become a conflict. In Charles Dickens’ classic, A Tale of Two Cities, the individualistic society of London champions the first feudalistic and later socialistic society of Paris. Dickens writes this novel without bias; he makes that clear in the first chapter, â€Å"In England, there was scarcely an amount of order and protection†¦show more content†¦The elites treat the people with less respect than their dogs. Doctor Manette’s prison account clearly demonstrates the class gap, â€Å"The speaker [the Marquis] seemed to acknowledge that it was inconvenient to have that different order of creature [the peasant] dying there, and that it would have been better if he died in the usual obscure routine of his vermin kind† (Dickens 329). Not only is there an extreme difference in lifestyle, but the upper class also treats the lower class with extreme disdain. The treatment of the people at the hands of their â€Å"betters† and the class gap catalyzes the French Revolution. The first conflict between the two cities occurs during Dr. Manette’s imprisonment. Lucie’s secret escape to London by Mr. Lorry and Charles Darnay’s parallel refusal to accept his inheritance in France represent the victory of London’s individualist society over the unjust, feudalistic society of Paris. Post-revolutionary Paris should be an entirely different society than pre-revolutionary Paris. In many ways it is, but the result remains the same: the innocent man is still â€Å"proven† guilty. The common people have the power now, but that power does not result in good reasoning. In the socialistic society of Paris, there are two ways to rule. In the first way, the people rule themselves with a mob-like mentality. In the second a ruling elite rises to the top by taking a populist approach and manipulating the people. AShow MoreRelated A Tale Of Two Cities Essay553 Words   |  3 Pages Capitol Punishment: Toy of Evil Men nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One might believe that because capital punishment plays such a large role in Charles Dickens’ A Tale Of Two Cities, that Dickens himself is a supporter of it. This just simply is not true. Dickens uses capitol punishment as a tool to define the evil embodied in both the French ruling class, and the opposing lower class during the French Revolution; as well as comment on the sheep-like nature of humankind. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;InRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesA Tale of Two Cities Jarvis Lorry, an employee of Tellsons Bank, was sent to find Dr. Manette, an unjustly imprisoned physician, in Paris and bring him back to England. Lucie, Manettes daughter who thought that he was dead, accompanied Mr. Lorry. Upon arriving at Defarges wine shop in Paris, they found Mr. Manette in a dreadful state and took him back to London with them. Mr. Manette could not rember why he had been imprisoned, or when he was imprisoned. He was inRead MoreTale of Two Cities Essay1098 Words   |  5 PagesViolence and Cruelty Leading to Harsh Rebellion Throughout the novel A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens constantly uses examples of violence and cruelty to show why the French peasants revolted against the aristocracy and to describe the revolt. During the extant of the peasant’s lives before the rebellion they were treated so brutally by the aristocrats. The wealthy people took great advantage of their power and the poor people. When the peasants rebelled they responded with violence and brutalityRead MoreChristianity in a Tale of Two Cities Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesChristian Value Reinforcement in A Tale of Two Cities In this essay, I will argue that one of the underlying motives in Charles Dickens novel A Tale of Two Cities (1859) is the reinforcement of Christian values in 18th century Victorian England. Dickens was very concerned with the accepted social norms of industrialized England, many of which he felt were very inhumane. Christian values were challenged, largely due to the recent publication of Darwins Origins of a Species, and philosophyRead MoreEssay about A Tale of Two Cities871 Words   |  4 Pagesvisit many different cities. Of all the cities I lived in, I spent most of my military time in Charleston, S.C. and Jacksonville, FL. Charleston and Jacksonville were similar in size, geography and population types, but differed greatly in history, weather, and the overall attitudes of its residents. If I had to choose between the two cities as the place to call my home, it would be without a doubt, Charleston, S.C. Charleston and Jacksonville were both considered large port cities, each with a portionRead More Resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesResurrection in A Tale of Two Cities      Ã‚   Resurrection is a powerful theme found throughout the plot of A Tale of Two Cities.   Many of the characters in the novel are involved with the intertwining themes of love, redemption, and good versus evil.   The theme of resurrection involves certain aspects of all of these themes and brings the story together.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dr. Manette is the first person to experience resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities.   He is taken awayRead More Foreshadowing in A Tale of Two Cities Essay689 Words   |  3 Pages Foreshadowing in A Tale of Two Cities nbsp; How does diabolically spilt blood and mysterious footsteps become important in a historical fiction novel? What makes these murder-mystery traits relevant? Charles Dickens, author of A Tale of Two Cities, creatively foreshadows future events using suspenseful topics: A forbidden declaration of love, a tragically beautiful sunset streaked with crimson, echoing footsteps of a past that will not be forgotten, and wine stained streets soon toRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities Allusions Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesDickens’ also uses allusions to the Bible in the novel A Tale of Two Cities in order to emphasize events, his opinions, and themes. Dickens’ compares the Storming of the Bastille to the Last Day in order to emphasize that the peasants are unqualified to take justice into their own hands it is Jesus’/God’s position in order to determine who will be severely punished. Dickens’ allusion to the Last Day (Judgment Day) in A Tale of Two Cities is a biblical reference. In Anglicanism (the common formRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagescritical acclaim, A Tale of Two Cities occupies a central place in the cannon of Charles Dickens’ work. A Tale of Two Cities, published in serial form starting on April 30, 1859, is a historical fiction novel. A dominant theme in this historical novel is the duality found in many of Dickens’ characters. Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities is somewhat autobiographical; emphasizes the key elements of theme, plot, and character; and has received extensive criticism. A Tale of Two Cities is told in three partsRead MoreEssay about A Tale Of Two Cities2268 Words   |  10 Pages There are no characters that the reader see as good and turn out to be evil at the end or vica versa. Their goodness or evilness is clearly shown from the beginning. amp;#9; amp;nbsp; A Tale of Two Cities takes place in England and France, during the time of the French Revolution. A Tale of Two Cities is a classic novel, where Charles Dickens presents to the reader archetypal main characters. From the beginning of the novel, the reader can know whether the characters are evil or not. In the

Basel Iii, Solvency Ii Free Essays

Basel III Basel III is an international regulatory for banks. It consist a set of standards and practices for the bank to make sure the banks maintain the sufficient capital when there is an economic strain. Basel III formed after global financial crisis that happens in year 2008. We will write a custom essay sample on Basel Iii, Solvency Ii or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was first published in 2009 and will be start implement on 1 January 2013. To make sure the banks have sufficient capital, Basel III has some new regulatory on bank leverage and also its liquidity. Solvency II Solvency II is a basic review of adequacy of capital for the European insurance industry. It aims to revise a set of EU-wide capital requirements and risk management standards that will replace the current solvency requirements. For instance, most European insurers are obliged to implement the full Solvency II requirements by January 2013. As such, it will be a major driver for the development and embedding of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) for the insurance industry. Difference between Basel III and Basel I II Basel III varies from Basel I and Basel II. Basel I is create and used to strengthen the stability of global banking system while standardize capital requirement by using regulatory control. The weakness of Basel I is banks are expose to excessive risk because of the freedom in giving loan. Basel II develops from Basel I, it makes improvement on standardize the capital regulation and increase the risk management between the banks. Unlike Basel I, Basel II required banks to make analyze on the ability of corporate in pay back the loan before they decided to lending money out. Basel III replace for Basel II which the capital requirement is stricter, so that they can handle the capital fluctuate during financial crisis. Difference between Solvency I and Solvency II The difference between Solvency I and Solvency II is their fundamental based. Solvency II is principle based, whereas Solvency I is rule based. This means Solvency II knows less rules, instead of introduces principles which have to be adopted by the insurers, they all involved actions and decisions. They can no longer hide behind rules, nor is it easy to find holes in the law. Therefore, in order to process these principles into company will be tough therefore time is ticking since it is questionable when all is implemented sufficiently. While for the Solvency II is to protect customers from taking unacceptable risks. This is done by demanding insurers to manage their risks better and be transparent on their financial position and risk. Hence it shows more holistic approach in comparison to Solvency I. Who should comply to Basel III The Basel accords are a range of mutual agreements that are voluntarily given by various global banking authorities. The countries which have signed these agreements would have set it as a common standard. However, some countries which are not the member state may also implement these policies. Besides, in United States of America, the government set the Basel II as a mandatory standard for banks. The banks which have a higher-risk profiles are instead imposed higher and stricter standard under the same accords. Next, Basel III required banks must keep a minimum common equity of 7% of their assets and this percentage covers a capital conservation buffer of 2. %. The countries which have approved Basel III must impose and put the standard. Who should comply Solvency II Solvency II is needed for all the insurance companies and financial institution. Solvency II’s regulation will be control by the respective financial supervisor. Besides, the best practice for insurers is to embed qualitative and quantitative risk management throughout their organization. A process-based risk approach is the be st foundation for risk management of market, credit, liquidity, insurance and all operational risks. Solvency II regulates companies according to the risk inherent in the business. Every company must define that the risk profile is in line with the appropriate governance and risk management processes to meet this risk. Why Basel III is needed? Basel III is needed because it strengthens bank capital requirements by introduces new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and bank leverage. It help the Bank directors to know the market liquidity conditions for major asset holdings and strengthen accountability for any major losses. Why Solvency II is needed? Solvency II is needed because it can supervise the insurance company and strengthen the power of group supervisor, in order to ensure the wide risks of the group are not overlooked. By having Solvency II, a greater cooperation between supervisors can be made. Besides, Solvency II plays an active role in the development in insurance, risk management, and financial reporting. Objective for Basel III There are three objective of Basel III. Firstly, Basel III enhance the ability of banking sectors in handle stress that arise during financial crisis and economic strain. Secondly, Basel III used to improve risk management and also its governance. Lastly, Basel III reinforces the transparency and exposure of the banks. Objective for Solvency II These are some objectives for Solvency II. Firstly, it improved consumer protection by standardized level of policyholder protection in EU. Secondly, Solvency II transfers compliance in supervise into making evaluation on insurers’ risk profiles and the quality of their risk management and also their controlling systems. Lastly, Solvency II used to raise the international competitiveness of EU insurers. What are the challenges that encounter by the Basel III and Solvency II? The challenges that encounter by the Basel III and Solvency II is there is a mutual relationship between the new capital and the liquidity rules for bank and insurance companies that set by Basel III and Solvency II. Besides that, Solvency II had changed the way of allocate the capital for insurance companies. In example, fair value will be calculated by the risk that insurer take on their investing activities. Solvency II also offered a privileged treatment to bond with short tenure. It impress stricter capital requirement for bond that determined by the investment’s maturity, and credit rating due to the volatility of investment. Lastly, there is an inverse relationship between Basel III and Solvency II. Basel III requires all the financial institution to establish more stable, long term source of funding. In example, Basel III require bank to place their funding in a more stable and long term investment, means they will issue more long term bond. While for the Solvency II, the regulation gives shorter preferential treatment to the bank bond. ? How to cite Basel Iii, Solvency Ii, Essay examples

Focus on strategic planning within Ryanair Essay Example For Students

Focus on strategic planning within Ryanair Essay Ryanair is an Ireland based air hose company and it involved in commercial air power concern since 1986, runing scheduled rider air hoses, functioning short draw and point to indicate paths chiefly between Ireland, Britain and Europe. It is the innovators of low menu air hose in Europe and even until now Ryanair is the lone air hose that offers cheapest air menu to riders travel around Europe. Micheal O’Leary is the Chief executive officer of Ryanair, holds 4.6 % interest of the company, His dynamic low menu schemes along with the development of Ryanair have had led to split of many budget air hoses and some of them had been bought by Ryaniar around Europe, merely because of their inability to vie with Ryanair. European air power industry is wider, but squeezed with many officeholders that are runing both short draw and long draw paths. As European short draw air hose market section is monetary value sensitive, Ryanair handles â€Å" no frills † scheme and charges lowest monetary value from its clients. In order to obtain better border in the low menu demanding market Ryanair held in a place of cost leader and cardinal â€Å" low menu † scheme supports for rapid growing of its concern. The strategic capablenesss underpinned by its alone resources and nucleus competencies are the preliminary components for Ryanair to be a cost leader and offer low menus. This will be explained in item under below subjects about the feasibleness of assorted strategic fortunes. 2.0 External Analysis: The analysis of Macro-environment explores core cause of factor ; assess the nature of effects and immediateness. PESTEL analysis has been undertaken to measure the external environment of Ryanair. 2.1 PESTEL Analysis: Political/Legal factors: Preferential Treatment of place base air hoses in some states, at the same clip they prevent booming foreign companies and bring down them in more operational cost. Increased terrorists activities have prompted air hose industry to fasten security steps and alleged terrorist secret plans will adversely impact flight turn-around clip. Damaging mental effects are besides possible due to any terrorists plots targeted on Ryanair. The quickly changing authorities regulations and ordinances are an inevitable legal factor for Ryanair. This will be discussed in item under provider ‘s bargaining power. Economic factors: The instability in fuel monetary value cause major job for air hose industry. If they do non fudge, the fuel monetary value hiking is inevitable and they need to happen cost nest eggs in other domains of concern when the fuel monetary value is soared. Ryanair was particularly more vulnerable to fuel monetary value rises in the yesteryear. For illustration: In the last one-fourth of 2008, when the fuel monetary value was in its hiking, Ryanair reported losingss of $ 130 million dollar and it blamed a 71 % addition in the monetary value paid for fuel during the one-fourth due to the unnatural rush of fuel monetary value of more than $ 1,100 a ton ( K, Capel. Airline. The Telegraph, Feb 2 2009. ) . Environmental factors: As the universe is heading towards more and more greener, all authoritiess taking appropriate steps to command nursery gases from C emanation which would take to ruinous human and economic effects. Ryanair has web virtually in all European states, so it is more vulnerable to all EU environmental regulations and ordinances. The mounting force per unit area on EU Torahs to revenue enhancement air power fuel and awaited charges on environmental pollution by air hoses would hold direct impact to Ryanair. Technological factors: Technological factors such as cyberspace, advanced developments in telecommunications such as picture conferencing, instant messaging, web conferencing etc. will intend less demand for travel, particularly on scenarios such as concern meetings. 3.0 Industry environment: 3.1 Segmentation and placement: Ryanair positioned in the lowest menu section and has least client experience among other budget air hoses in the European market. The market section for its competitions is broader with larger geographical country including operations to chief airdromes, whereas Ryanair ‘s webs are limited merely to low cost secondary airdromes with smaller geographical country. Ryanair preponderantly focuses on lone people who are despairing for low menu and it has no separate section for people who want luxury service or concern category. Despite, Ryanair ‘s uninterrupted traffic growing, shows that the people desiring low menu in European market are enormous and European market is for the low menu short-haul bearers. Possibly, high air menu bearers neither header up nor prolong against low menu bearers. The competitory place is profoundly elaborated in subdivision 3.2. 3.2 Porter ‘s five forces: Industry environment analysis figures out the anticipating competitory force per unit area in European air power and the profitableness of the industry probably to be in future. It explores the magnitude impact of Threat of replacements, Threat of Entrants, Rivalries in European market, dickering power of provider and dickering power of clients. Competitions: The high competition impacts for Ryanair are from Easy Jet, Air Lingus, Lufthansa, Iberia, SAS, Airfrance, KLM and Air Lingus. Few air hoses ( Easy Jet, Air lingus and Lufthansa ) the first three of them are approximately more or less equal in size to Ryanair and some of their public presentations are even better in footings of client service. This is considered as a important menace to Ryanair. Despite, among all short-haul bearers Ryanair is the cost leader with holding highest market portion in the European market. Although Ryanair has steadfastly bettering its competitory advantage, the nucleus scheme of the company is to keep the operational cost as lower limit and offer low menu to clients, which is virtually same among its competitions, but the outstanding scenario is Ryanair invariably creates new waies to convey down the operational cost. Menace of New Entrants: The short draw â€Å" no frill † air hose market is a extremely profitable concern in Europe so far, while long haul market in Europe is sing immense losingss like Air Lingus long draw air hoses. So, the concern range in the short-haul market may pull new entrants. Although, European air hose industry is de-regulated and unfastened for both national and international companies, Airline concern is non something like puting up a dot.com with minimal capital in awaited net income. Hefty capital investing is required to get path, fleet, set up flight care Centre, edifice substructure etc†¦ in order to set up an operation. Industry cognition and clip associated with entry are important for companies that want to get down short draw air hose concern in Europe from other industries such as touristry and Rail manner etc†¦ , but for air hose companies from some other market like Asia, South America, North America and Australia can follow out the European market in some extent and such immense investings besides may be low-cost for them. Menace of replacements: The menace of replacement is possible menace for Ryanair ‘s traffic growing as riders ‘ inclination to exchange to other agencies of conveyance such as coachs, trains and sail. This sort of menace has medium consequence over Ryanair, despite, the ubiquitousness of other agencies of conveyance to go across European states. Particularly rapid growing of railroad web is considered to be a most influential replacement for short draw air travel across Europe. Congestion in airdromes and troubles ( such as embarkation, airport journey ) involved in air travel could do riders more likely to take railroad. Some authorities like U.K is well funding for the enlargement of high-velocity rail webs to and from Europe, particularly to control short draw bearers through heavier revenue enhancement due to the force per unit area originating from the environmental groups to cut down C emanation by domestic air power. The authorities intercession to set up better rail links in other states such as France, Germany and the Netherlands is more vulnerable to Ryanair ‘s paths in those states ( Dan Milmo 2009. The Guardian. 5th Aug ) . Dickering power of provider: Aircraft Supplier: In air power Boeing and Airbus plays duopoly in fabrication rider aircrafts. Boeing is the chief aircraft provider for Ryanair, since its constitution. In footings of provider bargaining power, Ryanair holds important graduated table of power over Boeing, as it can easy exchange to Airbus anytime in-case of high monetary value charged by Boeing. The recent Micheal O ‘ Leary ‘s proclamation of dialogue with Air Lingus evidenced the high bargaining power over its Aircraft provider ( Sarah Arnott. , 2008. Ryanair looks to order 400 aircraft in programs for monolithic enlargement. The Independent, 8th Aug. ) . Airports: The enforcement of new regulations and ordinances by airdrome governments are inevitable, finally they have more control on their bases with both short draw and long bearers ‘ air hoses runing in any authorities airdromes. Ryanair has been either strongly protesting or recklessly withdrawing and exchanging its paths to alternative airdromes, at bases wherever it is sing important jobs. For illustration: Recently Manchester Airports Group refused to convey down its monetary values, which resulted Ryanair to draw nine out of its 10 Manchester paths ( Sarah Arnott. , 2009. Price difference sees Ryanair cut about all Manchester flights. The Independent, 18th Aug. ) . So, Ryanair can exchange its finishs easy in instance of its deal does non take lead. Ryanair holds significant power in the other domains of providers such as staff enlisting bureau, nutrient suppliers and accessory merchandise providers etc†¦ due to significant handiness of those sort of providers in t he market. Dickering power of client: European market is about saturated with many air hose companies including premium services to economic system categories. Dickering power of clients is high as low budget air hose a trade good today and presence of more replacements in European market. Ryanair had shrunken the bargaining purchase to its underside with no other air hoses could perchance offer such low menus, as the consequence that Ryanair is holding extra-ordinary public presentation in traffic growing systematically twelvemonth by twelvemonth, but this growing is unsure if Ryanair pushes its menu up. More people going on Ryanair, because they like the menu and can easy afford it. 3.3 Value Networks and Business Partners: It is necessary to analyze value making countries in Ryanair ‘s Industry value concatenation, which consolidates it competitory advantage by presenting those cherished values to clients. Harmonizing to porter, 1985, Value concatenation of any organisation comprises of two activities, primary and secondary activities. Primary activities are straight concerned with bringing of service and that includes inward logistics, operation, outbound logistics, selling, gross revenues and services. The support activities include administrative substructure direction, human resource direction, engineering and procurance. Inbound logistics: Stock control of Food, drinks and Ancillary sale points: Although, Ryanair is a â€Å" no frills † air hose, it is doing immense net income through the gross revenues of nutrient, drinks and Ancillary points. Ryanair manages strong relationship with assorted nutrients and drinks providers, in-order to have choice standard goods and on clip bringing, which adds value throughout its value concatenation. Route choice and airdrome base: Ryanair merely selects low cost path with the expectancy of traffic growing. Ryanair has strong relationship with assorted airdrome governments around Europe, therefore they provide subsidies in exchange for high traffic and low menus. Jet fuel: This is the most important input that Ryanair has to size up, as jet fuel contributes around half of the operating cost. Well hedged contracts will understate cost, so recent fudging agreements adds value to acquire control of fuel cost in some extent. Aircrafts and Care: Deployment of individual type aircraft Boeing 737-800. Operation: Ryanair ‘s operational activities includes passenger check-in, lading accessory and providing points in the flights, luggage check-in, Hospitality, In-flight services and day-to-day flight operations. Contemporary online check-in system reduces cost associated with staff and avoids rider waiting lines in airdromes, therefore it provides convenient journey for riders. This adds value by enabling speedy turnover of flights and prompt minimal waiting clip of flights at airdromes. Additionally, Ryanair has contractors at certain airdromes for fining, riders and aircraft handling ( Includes lading assorted goods into aircraft ) every bit good as for engine fixs and heavy care at competitory rates. ( Ryanair, 2004. Annual Report 2008-2009. . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ryanair.com/doc/investor/2009/Annual_report_2009_web.pdf. [ Accessed 10 Jan, 2010 ) This 3rd party contracts are more cost-effective than Ryanair execute these activities itself. Productivity-based inducements, this includes gross revenues fillips for on-board sale of merchandises by flight attending to increase accessory gross through wages mechanism and pilots are remunerated based on figure of hou rs or sectors flown, which cuts unneeded staff cost. Ryanair facilitate the use of onboard Mobile and electronic device for its riders in order to add value for clients. Eve Of St. Anges EssayThe hapless client service by its staffs employed and disgrace intervention of riders by its CEO, Micheal O ‘ Leary and the company are misdirecting company ‘s repute for non even supplying the basic services and discourtesy involved in client question answers are the failing that embedded in its system. Harmonizing to the remarks analysed from 280 web sites, Ryanair came underside of the ranking with minus 40 points. Poor client service and excess cost the air hose charge for check-in bags are the major ailments. The company is to a great extent addicted for traffic growing and competition led in European short draw market. Because of that growing, Ryanair is non able to place the repute and trueness in its trade name among riders. 5.0 Strategic state of affairs: Possibly, I have mentioned about 2.5 billion hard currency militias in its fiscal resources. It has announced programs of start paying dividend from its hard currency heap to their stockholder from 2013. ( Sarah Arnott, 2010. Ryanair to pay dividend from 2013. The independent, 8th Jan ) . Alternatively of paying dividend out of its hard currency militias or by utilizing company ‘s net income, it should make up one’s mind to deploy its hard currency militias in its on-holding scheme towards long haul paths. The company will acquire important future growing by establishing long-haul transatlantic paths. Harmonizing to CEO, Micheal O ‘ Leary ‘s statement, if Ryanair introduces long haul paths from Europe to six US finishs, two sections of place will be offered, one lowest unprecedented economic category and of all time high menu concern category with excessive services. This rational scheme will bring forth immense net income by enticing in-between economic-class riders ; possibly transatlantic riders will desire something cheaper in their tickets. The cheapest menu â€Å" no frill † for economic category riders with onboard sale of everything from breakfast to dinner, drink to amusement would make significant accessory gross. In spite the air hose finishs must be in populated country or rich metropoliss such as Chicago Midway Airport, Atlanta Hartsfield International Airport and Dallas Fort Worth International Airport etc†¦ to make full up concern category seats, Otherwise there is no logic in adding concern category seats in long draw paths. Alternatively, it can take rural finishs in US, but the concern category riders steadfastly transited to populated metropoliss without any hold and inconveniency by holding confederation with US luxury short draw bearers. Although, I have mentioned Ryanair ‘s 29.8 % interest over Aer Lingus, its first command in 2006 to get full portion capital of Aer Lingus was foremost blocked by European committee on competition evidences and the 2nd command in 2007 was besides failed after the Irish Government ( 25 % stack holder on Aer Lingus ) said Ryanair undervalued the company, while the offer totalled ?701 million. So, Ryanair is non yet planned to do any farther command in recent hereafter, instead it aims to hike its hard currency militias. Possibly, the acquired bets consolidate its fiscal place over Aer Lingus for convenient coup d’etat in the hereafter, in instance of any failure or the credence of farther command by Aer Lingus. In consideration to Ryanair ‘s future growing in the bing market and awaited transatlantic enlargement, it has to press hard for a horizontal integrating over Aer Lingus by raising the offer monetary value from its last command of ?701 million. The acquisition of Aer Lingus is more likely to see enormous enlargement in European market by geting market portion and implementing low cost operating scheme over it rivalry. In a state of affairs when a rival disappears in the market, the competition gets easiness for some case. The acquisition besides allow Ryanair to acquire easy entree into the transatlantic paths, as Aer Lingus already runing flights to some major airdromes in the United States such as, Houston ( HOU ) , Houston ( IAH ) , Indianapolis ( IND ) , Columbus ( CMH ) and San Francisco ( SNF ) etc†¦ 6.0 Strategic Choice: Designation: The first pick what I suggest is Ryanair can spread out its market through â€Å" Related Diversification † by the launch of new international paths from Europe to Selected Asiatic states, such as India, Malaysia and Singapore. Ryanair will be able to turn its traffic by choosing nucleus finishs such as Mumbai, Bangalore, Goa, Chennai and New Delhi in India, Kualalampur in Malayasia and Singapore. In the other terminal, Ryanair would be able to cover travelers and tourers from all European states by puting up theodolite hubs in selected airdromes in Europe such as Frankfurt, Madrid, Milan, Glasgow and Dublin ( So, flights from the new market will set down in those theodolite hubs and so riders can make their terminal finish by Ryanair ‘s local web flights through theodolite from these airdrome ) traveling to our selected finishs in Asia, as it already has house and established operation in Europe. The above selected strategic pick would be demonstrated under Ansoff Strategic Direction Matrix Market/product picks. Harmonizing to Ansoff Matrix ( developed by Igor Ansoff, 1957 ) the above selected concern is establishing of new service in new market, so it will be categorized under Diversification. Although, Ryanair has an on-holding program of presenting transatlantic paths, but non yet lunged, the new strategic pick is to boom market portion in developing states. The false service in those markets is clearly concern to consumer type of activity, as Ryanair straight engaged in transporting riders or supplying service straight to the clients. Ryanair ‘s chief aiming client section in the above three states are tourers and riders who are looking for low menus, every bit good as high menu over luxury service. The distinctions in menus with monetary value premium for riders ‘ perceive it as on luxury section and without monetary value premium for riders ‘ perceive cost benefit under low menu section. All the three states are developing states with low income, in-between category and rich people. Among them, people who afford to go to Europe are in-between income and rich people for the intent of visit, concern, and instruction etc†¦ Economic category seats with lowest menu â€Å" no frill † tends to pull in-between income earners and rich people will be acute to pay every bit much higher menu in exchange for luxury service. The same types of riders from Europe to these states would be attracted under the class of touristry in those states. 7.0 Strategic Decisions, Recommended Strategy and Evaluation of above strategic pick: The nucleus scheme of the company is to offer low menus â€Å" no frill † comparison to any other air hoses in the market and excessive service for luxury travelers with high menu. Strong advertizement is needed in the selected Asiatic states sing the menu and awaited service in the air hose. Initially, it has to do rider engagements through travel agents like the manner all other air hoses such as Lufthansa, British Airways and kingfisher etc†¦ Elicit engagements in the market. In malice, the use of cyberspace in those states is dramatically increasing, so it besides offer internet engagement and through call Centres bit by bit after established its trade name. In Europe Ryanair can lodge on to the same scheme of strong advertizement run without travel agents would entice tourers and engagements could be handled through the modern-day dynamic medium of its web site. The above recommended strategic pick is clearly executable in footings of finance and scrutinized bing str ategic capablenesss. The brawny resources allotment is needed in order to set up an operation under above strategic pick. Under the directional policy matrix, the industry attraction for excessive luxury section and lowest menu section is high and the expectancy of growing depends on distinction of service and the manner of entry. As concern strength in those selected states is intensive, Ryanair can take the confederations signifier of entry. The choice of confederation should be from the new market in order to obtain needed scheme uder modern-day state of affairs and in-depth cognition of the market. Ryanair ‘s low menu scheme and alone capablenesss with its confederation spouse would better the concern public presentation by deploying the combined resources within the new operation. Furthermore, hazard of investing would be shared and authorities duties would be easy fulfilled. 7.1 Resources committedness, investing and clocking deduction: Initially, Ryanair should apportion resource and investing for the purchase of long draw flights ( Boeing 777 ) . Possibly, Ryanair can do loan agreement with its bing loaner The Export and Import Banks. Cabin crews can be recruited for far cheaper rewards in India, Malaysia and Singapore than it is presently using in Europe due to the handiness of low cost air crews are immense in those states. As I mentioned above, Ryanair must choose some primary airdromes in Europe instead than secondary airdromes which are little and non suited for landing and take offs for large flights. The selected primary airdromes in Europe should be inter-connected with the short draw air hoses to take riders to their concluding finish. The airdrome charges in the new market besides have to be considered as immense investing by the company. 8.0 Brooding Undertaking: The PEST analysis chiefly exhibit menace from the observation of external environmental factors of Ryanair, but in some fortunes it could besides turn out to be STEP from external environmental alteration such as authorities regulations may turn out to be a positive factor for a company. The truth of PEST analysis sometimes hard to measure as the hereafter prognosis tendency frequently changes, For illustration: Currency rate fluctuation. Porter ‘s five forces are largely applicable for inactive market construction, but constituents ‘ deductions in this model frequently move in different dimensions. For illustration: provider ‘s bargaining power may acquire higher, when they face increased demand for their merchandise. There is no needed action developed in this theoretical account to get the better of such anticipated provider ‘s influence. This theoretical account is besides complicated to analysis interconnected multiple merchandise groups and sections. For illustration: It hard to specify the competitory force of full virgin group by utilizing this theoretical account. This theoretical account is besides merely limited to mensurate competitory force in the market. It does non cover any signifier of strategic chances in the market such as organic and inorganic growing, strategic confederation and value adding activities. The value concatenation analysis does non mensurate the existent merchandise value when it reaches the clients ; despite it pretends to be realistic merely in theory. For illustration: The monetary value of a coke varies from one topographic point to another depends on the retail merchant assigned monetary value. In this instance, the analysis does non mensurate the terminal value out of its monetary value. The Ansoff matrix can merely place the way of strategic development and picks for an administration. It is imperative to utilize PESTEL and SWOT along with Ansoff matrix to happen out the existent state of affairs of the market and capablenesss of the company. Porter ‘s generic theoretical account does non supply strategic paths to accomplish constituents stated in its theoretical account. For Example: If Ryanair wants to distinguish its merchandise, there is no selected strategic path exists to accomplish this aim. And besides, the differentiation between the distinction an d cost could non be realistic for most of the companies, as it would be really hard to pretermit the cost. 9.0 Conclusion and Recommendation: Ryanair is being in the slogan of traffic growing ; despite the aggressive concern behavior has faded its client service sphere. Good client experience and loyal clients are the anchor for a really long tally of any well established company. Ryanair established as a low menu air hose and it has been runing 24 old ages successfully with a individual nucleus scheme taking by its CEO Micheal O ‘ Leary. After him, Ryanair needs a Chief executive officer, who is able to do concern determinations as Micheal O ‘ Leary and besides able to set up a friendly environment for the company.

Health Care Old Versus New free essay sample

| Health Care In Our Nation, Old Versus New| | | | | I will compare the current health care system with the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) that became law on March 23, 2010. The current system, which is being phased out between 2011 and 2018 is increasingly inaccessible to many poor and lower-middle-class people. About 47 million Americans lack health insurance, an increase of more than two million people from 2005 (Rovner,2011) the increasingly complex warfare between insurers and hospitals over who pays the bills is gobbling up a great deal of money and the end result is that the United States pays roughly twice as much per capita for health care as Canada, France, and the United Kingdom yet experiences slightly lower life expectancy than those countries. President Barack Obama campaigned for the need to reform the American health care system, stating that the cost of health care was a â€Å"threat to our economy† and that health care should be a â€Å"right for every American. † (Rovner,2011) Thus began the passage of health care reform. On March 23, 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act became law. Private and Parochial schools have been competing with public schools for as long as I can remember. These schools have to show that they’re worth paying for or they don’t get customers. The health care industry, on the other hand doesn’t have government competition. The old health care system gave insurance companies all the power. It’s more along the lines of, pay us outrageous fees or you die. And even if you have their coverage they still look for ways to drop you from their insurance. I feel that under the new health care reform laws I won’t have to worry about getting laid off and losing my health insurance coverage again. There are 92 provisions in the ACA (Affordable Care Act) that are being implemented between the years 2011-2018. This essay however, will only cover the provisions I feel are of concern to most lower to middle class Americans, or should I state â€Å"financially struggling like myself†. I have also left out those provisions that are centered on small and large business owners to keep within the assignment directives and to simplify the comparisons. Since the recent recession that began in December 2007 nearly 7 million Americans have lost their jobs, also, there were an estimated 43 million uninsured prior to that (Many of these also lost the only health insurance coverage they had for themselves and their families. Former employees are given the option to buy temporary insurance through companies such as Cobra which contains provisions giving certain former employees, retirees, spouses and dependent children the right to temporary continuation of health coverage at group rates. However, this insurance is costly, well above the financial means of someone without a job. The typical cost for basic family coverage can be around $1,309. 00 per month. A cost that is nearly impossible to cover when you are unemployed or underemployed. Under the ACA, the following provisions would be considered pros for the average American. (a) Coverage will expand to cover nearly 95 percent of legal U. S. residents. Plus, preventative care will be free. (b) Increased regulation will stop insurance companies from rigging prices, for instance there was a recent 40% insurance premium increase in California. (c) Insurance companies will have to accept everyone. No more pre-existing condition exclusions. They can’t place limits on coverage anymore, either. (d) Cheaper prescriptions for seniors. e) Ensuring Free Choice. Workers who cannot afford the coverage provided by their employer may take whatever funds their employer might have contributed to their insurance and use these resources to help purchase a more affordable plan in the new health insurance exchanges. (f) Eliminating Annual Limits on Insurance Coverage. The law prohibits plans from imposing annual dollar limits on the amount of coverage an individual may receive. ( g) Insurers must now reveal how much money is spent on overhead. (h) Makes Care More Affordable. The act includes tax credits to make it easier for the middle class to afford insurance will become available for people with incomes above 100 percent and below 400 percent of poverty (i) Chain restaurants will be required to provide a nutrient content disclosure statement alongside their items. You will see calories listed both on in-store and drive-through menus of fast-food restaurants. (Affordable health care for America, 2010) Under the ACA, the following provisions would be considered cons for the average American. (a) Cuts in Medicare. The elderly on Medicare will see their benefits changed dramatically. The biggest item being used to pay for the new program is more than $500 billion in cuts to the Medicare program at a time when 72 million baby boomers become eligible for it in the next decade. The second biggest move to pay for this is by raising and expanding the Medicare tax. (b) No new incentives for primary care physicians (c) More taxes, the government has to pay for healthcare reform somehow. Taxing businesses is a big strategy. Families earning more than $250. 000 a year will have to pay higher Medicare taxes, also, this isn’t a tax, but employers will be fined $3,000 per employee if they don’t provide affordable medical coverage. Drea, 2010). However, the provision that is causing the most concern is insurance mandate: Almost everyone is required to be insured or else pay a fine. There is an exemption for low-income people. Mandate takes effect in 2014. (Right To Health Care, n. d) I personally feel the ACA will benefit most Americans for several reasons. Firs t, if you don’t have health insurance, you will have a choice of high quality, affordable coverage for yourself and family. Second, reform will finally bring skyrocketing health care costs under control. Third, reform will provide every American with some basic protections that will finally hold insurance companies accountable since they will not be able to discriminate against persons with pre-existing illness or conditions. Lastly, Americans can now purchase their health insurance coverage with the bargaining power that used to only be reserved for larger companies, Instead of individual policies which are extremely expensive. Bear in mind that from 2000 to 2006, health care premiums have increased 87% compared to overall inflation (an increase of 3. 5%) and wages (3. 8%). A ‘Public Entity’ would help keep costs from skyrocketing. (Right To Health Care, n. d). Working Americans may be experiencing something akin to sticker shock. The average cost of a family policy now exceeds $13,000 a year, having doubled over the last decade, according to a survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation. Similar increases over the next decade would translate to the average policy for a family costing in the neighborhood of $24. 000 a year. (â€Å"The Business of Health care,† 2009). I really had not paid that much attention to the new health reform act, prior to a personal tragedy that happened to my family recently. My sister Melissa had been covered by her employer sponsored health care plan for the last 18 years. For 17 of them she was the picture of health, no major illnesses or accidents requiring the use of her insurance other than the occasional checkup. So, about 3 years ago she decided to up her yearly deductibles and co-pays from $1,200 to $6,000 in favor of a lower monthly premium to help make other household bills easier. I’m sure she didn’t anticipate anything happening. And had she been covered under the new ACA she may not have had to worry about paying high medical bills. Unfortunately last December my sister was diagnosed with bi-polar disease, she also discovered she had breast cancer. On May 30th of this year my beloved sister took her own life. I’m not saying that her health insurance situation was the main reason for her decision to take her own life, but as we tried to convince her she needed to be re-hospitalized for her major depression, she would always say â€Å"I can’t afford it now†. The emotional trauma associated with her two illnesses and the constant worry over the medical bills only added to her anxiety and depression. Fear of hospital bills should not deter anyone from seeking medical care. I believe if I were able to get her back in the hospital my sister would possible still be here with us. Since my sister’s death I have come to realize that not being able to afford health care insurance could be the difference between life and death for some. How appalling to live in a country with such great wealth, yet millions face financial ruin if they are uninsured or even insured and their current insurance provider decides to drop them. I’m not saying that the new health care reform laws will be fix all our problems, but I feel it’s a good start, and again only time will tell. References Affordable health care for America. (2010, April 2) Prepared by committees on Ways Means, Energy Commerce And Education Labor, Retrieved from http://docs. house. gov/energycommerce/TIMELINE. pdf Drea, (2010). Filed in archive economy, government, politics. Business Pundit, Retrieved from http://www. businesspundit. om/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-new Insurance Premiums Still Rising Faster Than Inflation and Wages. (2009). The Business of Health Care. New York Times Retrieved from http://prescriptions. blogs. nytimes. com/2009/09/15/insurance-premiums-still-rising-faster-than- inflation-and-wages/ Rover, (2011). More Americans lack health insurance. NPR. Retrieved from http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=14016079 Should all Americans have the right (be entitled) to health care? Right to Health Care. Retrieved from http://healthcare. procon. org/#Background

The Magic Barrel Essays - Leo, She A History Of Adventure, Charmed

The Magic Barrel Who else from any Jewish - American authors can translate Yeddish for the American readers so colorfully and honestly? Who else can represent the reality of Jewish life with love and light irony? This is Bernard Malamud, who was born in family of Russian - Jewish immigrants. He found his characters in real Jewish community. That is why the tone and style of The Magic Barrel are so unmistakable and truthful. Through two main characters author involves us in a specific business going on between Leo Finkle, a lonely rabbinical student, and Pinye Salzman, a matchmaker. In order to get a good congregation Leo supposed to be married. How a man, who was studying for six years and who never was in a company of woman, easily can find a wife? The same way as his parents did. He went to the matchmaker. It was not so easy for Leo to appeal to Salzman, because he hoped to find the wife by himself. He wanted to be in love before he gets married. But he resorted to help. It was a firs time when he turned his mind over. Pine Salzman, the marriage broker, represented the old generation, and respected the old Jewish tradition. Marriage is a very important part of a Jew's life, and the family is more important than the girl herself is. He does not think about love. It is possible to imagine how Leo was disappointed when Salzmen introduced the girls to him. Sophie P. Widow. Father promises eight thousand d ollars. Has wonderful wholesale business. Also realestate. Lily H. Regular. Father is successful dentist thirty-five years. Interested in professional man. Wonderful opportunity. Moreover, She is a partikiler. She wants the best. Leo's interest to Lily was aroused, and he began seriously to consider calling on her. Finally they met. She provoked him to say the strange, but a very capacious and valuable phrase: I think, that I came to God not because I loved Him, but because I did not. But Lily didn't dream about him, she dreamed about an invented hero. After this date he turned his mind over again. He felt that he could not love a girl. Although Leo returned to his regular routine, he was in panic and depression from one thought: nobody loves him and he does not love anybody either. There was no bride for him. Moreover, he realized the true nature of his relationship to God, and from that it had come upon him, with shocking force, that apart from his parents, he had never loved anyb ody. Or perhaps it went the other way, that he did not love God so well as he might, because he had not loved man. He saw himself for the first time as he truly was - unloved and loveless. It is possible to imagine how terrible Leo suffered. He understood that he has no knowledge of himself, and never in the Five Books and all the Commentaries - mea cupla - has the truth been revealed to him. He was sure that everything is gone for nothing; he stopped to believe in himself. His nerves were on edge. In this terrible condition Leo opened the Salezman's envelope with girl's pictures. Her face deeply moved him. He was shocked. Something happened with him. His mind was turned over again. His new life began. The girl's face was not so attractive, but he felt that he knew her for a long time. The deep strange light was coming out of her eyes. Good, Leo said, Good for Leo Finkle. Just her I want, said Leo to matchmaker. It was Stella Salezman, the fallen angel. But these details did not interest him. He felt in love. He was happy and full of hopes again. He thought that even sky helped him, and he saw candles in the sky. Analyzing Leo's fate we can see the grate power of love. It looks like God wants us to be able to love and helps us if our hearts are open for this wonderful feelings. English Essays